EV Database

US and European EV models over time

Running totals of battery-electric models. US counts EPA data. Europe counts WLTP data. Each model counts from its first model year in that series. Each bar adds the two totals.

US (EPA)Europe (WLTP)

  • 2011US 3Europe 0
  • 2012US 10Europe 0
  • 2013US 13Europe 0
  • 2014US 16Europe 0
  • 2015US 18Europe 0
  • 2016US 19Europe 0
  • 2017US 23Europe 0
  • 2018US 23Europe 0
  • 2019US 28Europe 0
  • 2020US 31Europe 53
  • 2021US 36Europe 92
  • 2022US 53Europe 124
  • 2023US 65Europe 167
  • 2024US 85Europe 225
  • 2025US 106Europe 276
  • 2026US 116Europe 303
  • 2027US 124Europe 303

The Electron Motion EV Database covers 3,623 battery electric vehicles from 97 makes, model years 2011 to 2027. EPA range and efficiency figures are estimates from fueleconomy.gov, published by the U.S. Department of Energy and the EPA. Cars sold only in Europe are marked EU and use WLTP ratings.

3,223 Battery Electric Vehicles

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Efficiency (Wh/mi)
Drive
VehicleName YearEPA efficiencyEPA effWLTP efficiencyWLTP effEPA rangeEPA rangeWLTP rangeWLTP rangeMSRP
smart #1 EU 2023 Not available 270 Wh/mi (3.70 mi/kWh)168 Wh/km (5.95 km/kWh) Not available 273 mi440 km Not available
smart #1 EU 2023 Not available 293 Wh/mi (3.41 mi/kWh)182 Wh/km (5.49 km/kWh) Not available 249 mi400 km Not available
smart #1 EU 2022 Not available 288 Wh/mi (3.47 mi/kWh)179 Wh/km (5.59 km/kWh) Not available 249 mi400 km Not available
smart #1 EU 2022 Not available 280 Wh/mi (3.57 mi/kWh)174 Wh/km (5.75 km/kWh) Not available 261 mi420 km Not available
smart #1 EU 2022 Not available 280 Wh/mi (3.57 mi/kWh)174 Wh/km (5.75 km/kWh) Not available 261 mi420 km Not available
smart #3 Pro EU 2026 Not available 277 Wh/mi (3.61 mi/kWh)172 Wh/km (5.81 km/kWh) Not available 202 mi325 km Not available
smart #3 Pro+ EU 2026 Not available 270 Wh/mi (3.70 mi/kWh)168 Wh/km (5.95 km/kWh) Not available 270 mi435 km Not available
smart #3 EU 2024 Not available 262 Wh/mi (3.81 mi/kWh)163 Wh/km (6.13 km/kWh) Not available 283 mi455 km Not available
smart #3 EU 2024 Not available 262 Wh/mi (3.81 mi/kWh)163 Wh/km (6.13 km/kWh) Not available 283 mi455 km Not available
smart #3 EU 2024 Not available 283 Wh/mi (3.53 mi/kWh)176 Wh/km (5.68 km/kWh) Not available 258 mi415 km Not available
smart #3 EU 2024 Not available 283 Wh/mi (3.53 mi/kWh)176 Wh/km (5.68 km/kWh) Not available 258 mi415 km Not available
smart #5 Pro EU 2026 Not available 298 Wh/mi (3.36 mi/kWh)185 Wh/km (5.41 km/kWh) Not available 289 mi465 km Not available
smart #5 EU 2025 Not available 296 Wh/mi (3.38 mi/kWh)184 Wh/km (5.43 km/kWh) Not available 367 mi590 km Not available
smart #5 EU 2025 Not available 317 Wh/mi (3.15 mi/kWh)197 Wh/km (5.08 km/kWh) Not available 347 mi559 km Not available
smart #5 EU 2025 Not available 320 Wh/mi (3.12 mi/kWh)199 Wh/km (5.03 km/kWh) Not available 336 mi540 km Not available
smart EQ fortwo (convertible) 2019 330 Wh/mi (3.03 mi/kWh)205 Wh/km (4.88 km/kWh) Not available 57 mi92 km Not available Not available
smart EQ fortwo (coupe) 2019 310 Wh/mi (3.23 mi/kWh)193 Wh/km (5.19 km/kWh) Not available 58 mi93 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric Cabrio EU 2020 Not available 354 Wh/mi (2.82 mi/kWh)220 Wh/km (4.55 km/kWh) Not available 80 mi128 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Cabrio EU 2020 Not available 275 Wh/mi (3.63 mi/kWh)171 Wh/km (5.85 km/kWh) Not available 77 mi124 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Cabrio EU 2020 Not available 293 Wh/mi (3.41 mi/kWh)182 Wh/km (5.49 km/kWh) Not available 80 mi128 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Coupe EU 2020 Not available 359 Wh/mi (2.79 mi/kWh)223 Wh/km (4.48 km/kWh) Not available 78 mi126 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Coupe EU 2020 Not available 282 Wh/mi (3.55 mi/kWh)175 Wh/km (5.71 km/kWh) Not available 82 mi132 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Coupe EU 2020 Not available 272 Wh/mi (3.68 mi/kWh)169 Wh/km (5.92 km/kWh) Not available 78 mi126 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Forfour EU 2020 Not available 277 Wh/mi (3.61 mi/kWh)172 Wh/km (5.81 km/kWh) Not available 90 mi145 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Forfour EU 2020 Not available 370 Wh/mi (2.70 mi/kWh)230 Wh/km (4.35 km/kWh) Not available 76 mi122 km Not available
smart fortwo electric Forfour EU 2020 Not available 303 Wh/mi (3.31 mi/kWh)188 Wh/km (5.32 km/kWh) Not available 90 mi145 km Not available
smart fortwo electric drive convertible 2018 330 Wh/mi (3.03 mi/kWh)205 Wh/km (4.88 km/kWh) Not available 57 mi92 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2018 310 Wh/mi (3.23 mi/kWh)193 Wh/km (5.19 km/kWh) Not available 58 mi93 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive convertible 2017 330 Wh/mi (3.03 mi/kWh)205 Wh/km (4.88 km/kWh) Not available 57 mi92 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2017 310 Wh/mi (3.23 mi/kWh)193 Wh/km (5.19 km/kWh) Not available 58 mi93 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive convertible 2016 315 Wh/mi (3.17 mi/kWh)196 Wh/km (5.11 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2016 315 Wh/mi (3.17 mi/kWh)196 Wh/km (5.11 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive convertible 2015 315 Wh/mi (3.17 mi/kWh)196 Wh/km (5.11 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2015 315 Wh/mi (3.17 mi/kWh)196 Wh/km (5.11 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive convertible 2014 320 Wh/mi (3.13 mi/kWh)199 Wh/km (5.03 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2014 320 Wh/mi (3.13 mi/kWh)199 Wh/km (5.03 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive convertible 2013 320 Wh/mi (3.13 mi/kWh)199 Wh/km (5.03 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2013 320 Wh/mi (3.13 mi/kWh)199 Wh/km (5.03 km/kWh) Not available 68 mi109 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive cabriolet 2011 390 Wh/mi (2.56 mi/kWh)242 Wh/km (4.13 km/kWh) Not available 63 mi101 km Not available Not available
smart fortwo electric drive coupe 2011 390 Wh/mi (2.56 mi/kWh)242 Wh/km (4.13 km/kWh) Not available 63 mi101 km Not available Not available
Subaru E-Outback AWD EU 2026 Not available 248 Wh/mi (4.03 mi/kWh)154 Wh/km (6.49 km/kWh) Not available 325 mi523 km Not available
Subaru E-Outback Field EU 2026 Not available 266 Wh/mi (3.77 mi/kWh)165 Wh/km (6.06 km/kWh) Not available 300 mi482 km Not available
Subaru E-Outback Touring EU 2026 Not available 267 Wh/mi (3.74 mi/kWh)166 Wh/km (6.02 km/kWh) Not available 300 mi483 km Not available
Subaru E-Outback Touring+ EU 2026 Not available 267 Wh/mi (3.74 mi/kWh)166 Wh/km (6.02 km/kWh) Not available 301 mi484 km Not available
Subaru Solterra 20 AWD 2027 289 Wh/mi (3.46 mi/kWh)180 Wh/km (5.56 km/kWh) Not available 278 mi447 km Not available Not available
Subaru Solterra AWD 2027 280 Wh/mi (3.58 mi/kWh)174 Wh/km (5.76 km/kWh) Not available 288 mi463 km Not available Not available
Subaru Solterra 20 AWD 2026 289 Wh/mi (3.46 mi/kWh)180 Wh/km (5.56 km/kWh) Not available 278 mi447 km Not available Not available
Subaru Solterra AWD 2026 280 Wh/mi (3.58 mi/kWh)174 Wh/km (5.76 km/kWh) Not available 288 mi463 km Not available Not available
Subaru Solterra AWD 2025 320 Wh/mi (3.13 mi/kWh)199 Wh/km (5.03 km/kWh) Not available 227 mi365 km Not available Not available
Subaru Solterra Limited/Touring AWD EU 2025 Not available 253 Wh/mi (3.96 mi/kWh)157 Wh/km (6.37 km/kWh) Not available 295 mi474 km Not available

EPA and WLTP stay in separate columns. Miles are on the first line in both, kilometers on the second. Sorting uses the EPA value, then WLTP when EPA is missing.

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Highlighted brands have 2026 or 2027 models on sale. Grayed-out brands only have older models in the database.

Data updated .